Low Vision Intervention in Individuals with Age-related Macular Degeneration

Abstract Background: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of irreversible central vision loss in older adults. Low vision interventions (LVIs) aim to enhance residual visual function and promote independence. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical and functional outcomes of structured LVIs on visual performance, daily functioning, and quality of life in individuals with AMD. Methods: A prospective interventional study was conducted over 1 year at Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital, and Research Centre in Pune. Eighty-four participants with confirmed AMD and low vision were enrolled and assessed at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months postintervention. The rehabilitation program included optical, nonoptical, and electronic assistive devices, along with specialized visual training. Primary outcomes included best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), contrast sensitivity, and reading speed. Secondary outcomes were assessed using the National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire-25 (NEI VFQ-25) and the modified Barthel index, evaluating self-reported visual function and independence in daily activities. Results: Of the 84 participants, 78 completed the full follow-up. Statistically significant improvements were observed in BCVA (mean gain: 0.17 logMAR), reading speed (mean increase: 18.8 words/min), and contrast sensitivity (mean gain: 0.22 units). The NEI VFQ-25 composite score improved by an average of 17.3 points, with marked enhancement in near-vision tasks and social engagement. Functional ability, as measured by the Modified Barthel Index, also showed meaningful improvement. No device-related complications were reported, and more than 85% of participants adhered to their prescribed rehabilitation plans. Conclusions: Structured low vision rehabilitation leads to significant improvements in visual performance, functional independence, and perceived quality of life among patients with AMD. These findings support the integration of LVIs into standard ophthalmic care protocols for elderly individuals with low vision.