Automated Inverse Design Framework for Traveling-Wave Electrode Electro-Optic Modulators with Discrete Fabrication Constraints

The utilization of electro-optic modulators in engineering is progressively expanding. In this paper, an automated inverse design framework is proposed for traveling-wave electrode electro-optic modulators (EOM). It addresses key challenges in modulator design, such as multi-parameter coupling and discrete fabrication constraints. Applied to a segmented electrode lithium niobate modulator, the framework achieves a 100 GHz electro-optic (EO) bandwidth and a half-wave voltage-length product of Vπ·L=1 V·cm at 5 mm length, with all 20 independent runs converging successfully under the tested conditions. The framework is further validated on four modulator structures and six engineering conditions, consistently yielding EO bandwidth > 40 GHz and Vπ·L<5 V·cm. This work offers a practical and adaptable solution for the automated design of high-performance electro-optic modulators under realistic fabrication constraints.