Comprehensive Phenolic Profiling and <i>In Vitro</i> Bioactivities of <i>Salvia yangii</i> (B.T. Drew) Extracts Using GC–FID/MS and UHPLC–HRMS/MS

Summary Salvia yangii (B.T. Drew) has attracted attention for its chemical diversity and biological potential. In this study, aerial parts were extracted using n-hexane and 70% methanol to obtain apolar and polar extracts, respectively. The silylation-based GC–MS/FID analysis identified carnosic acid and rosmarinic acid as the major constituents of the n-hexane and methanol extracts. UHPLC–HRMS/MS revealed additional phenolic compounds, including vanillin, caffeic acid, hesperidin, and isosakuranetin. Remarkably, 3-hydroxytyrosol and isosakuranetin were reported for the first time in this species. The n-hexane extract demonstrated higher antioxidant capacity in DPPH, β-carotene bleaching, and α-amylase inhibition assays, whereas the methanolic extract exhibited superior results in ORAC, TEAC, and CUPRAC tests. These findings highlight the distinct phytochemical profiles and biological activities of S. yangii extracts, suggesting their potential application as natural antioxidant and functional food ingredients.