Effects of carbohydrate-electrolyte solutions with and without L-menthol on hydration and performance recovery following simulated firefighting exercise

BACKGROUND: Firefighting tasks performed in full protective equipment (PPE) impose extreme thermal and physical strain, providing a model of high-intensity exercise with substantial fluid and electrolyte loss. This study compared the effects of plain water (W), a carbohydrate-electrolyte solution (CES), and a menthol-supplemented carbohydrate-electrolyte solution (MCES) on hydration and performance recovery during the first hour of post-exercise recovery. METHODS: = 8 each) and consumed 1.0 L of fluid during 60 minutes of recovery. Hydration status was evaluated using body-mass restoration, salivary osmolality, urine specific gravity, urine color, and urinary electrolytes. Renal markers, lactate clearance, cardiovascular and thermal responses, thirst ratings, and lower-limb explosive power were also assessed. RESULTS: < 0.05). Jump height declined from pre- to post-recovery in the W and CES groups but was maintained within the MCES group. CONCLUSIONS: Carbohydrate-electrolyte solutions improved hydration compared with water. L-menthol did not enhance rehydration but maintained explosive performance, supporting its role as a perceptual adjunct to electrolyte strategies for recovery after exercise in protective clothing.