The Two Facet Model of Parental Psychological Control: Separately Measuring Intrusiveness and Emotional Manipulation Based on What Korean Middle School Adolescents in Seoul Believe to Be Intrusive Parenting

The Two Facet Model of Parental Psychological Control (PPC) stipulates that both intrusiveness and emotional manipulation are core facets of PPC, and intrusiveness varies by culture. However, established scales neglected to measure intrusiveness and operationalized intrusiveness with results mainly from white/European families. We tested the Two Facet Model of Parental Psychological Control with Korean adolescents ( N = 354, 13–16 years old, 207 female-identified adolescents) via an online survey. We assessed what Korean adolescents believed to be intrusive parenting by asking about 25 areas in their lives. We measured emotional manipulation based on its definitions and tactics. As hypothesized, the intrusiveness and emotional manipulation scales were significantly positively correlated with established PPC scales, and intrusiveness functioned differently from emotional manipulation. These results buttress the utility of separately measuring intrusiveness and emotional manipulation. Hence, we provide empirical support for the Two Facet Model of Parental Psychological Control.