The ABCD of international business: evolutionary growth and internationalization

Purpose This paper aims to investigate and analyze four well-established grain and commodity multinational corporations (MNCs), commonly known as the ABCD (Archer Daniels Midland/ADM, Bunge, Cargill and Dreyfus). The four firms play a major role in international business (IB) and global agriculture. Design/methodology/approach By using a case-based research approach and literature-specific discussion, we systematically compare the four MNCs and their evolutionary growth and internationalization in world markets. Findings Findings of the paper reveal that this well-established oligopoly distinctly controls over 70 % of commodity and grain markets and remains to be staunchly competitive regarding logistical networks, international operations and foreign direct investment (FDI). Research limitations/implications The paper mostly relied on case-based approach and secondary data that is useful in IB and related areas. Practical implications The paper provides useful implications and future research directions that at present need additional studies and investigations. Social implications Today’s ABCD firms maintain distinct competitive advantage and operate worldwide and have a strong impact on local and national economies. Originality/value The paper is a timely investigation of a phenomenon that remains to be important in commodities and international agriculture.