Joint Association of Sedentary Behavior and Coffee on Chronic Kidney Disease

Background Sedentary behavior, a common unhealthy habit, is associated with increased prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD), whereas active components in coffee may exert protective effects on renal function. However, the joint association of sedentary behavior and coffee consumption with the prevalence of CKD remains uninvestigated. Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the independent and joint associations of sedentary behavior and coffee consumption with CKD prevalence based on cross-sectional data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007–2016. Methods A total of 20,696 participants were included. Weighted logistic regression models assessed the association of sedentary behavior and coffee consumption with CKD prevalence. The ratio of odds ratio (ROR) was introduced to evaluate the joint association of sedentary behavior and noncoffee consumption. Subgroup analyses explored differences across populations, and sensitivity analyses tested the robustness of findings. Results After full adjustment for covariates, compared with the group sitting for <4 hr/day, sitting for 6–8 hr/day and ≥8 hr/day were associated with 24% (odds ratio [OR] = 1.24, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02–1.50) and 18% (OR = 1.18, 95% CI: 1.03–1.35) higher CKD prevalence, respectively. Compared with noncoffee drinkers, daily coffee drinkers with 592.0 g (>2.09 cups) were associated with 16% lower CKD prevalence (OR = 0.84, 95% CI: 0.71–0.99). In joint analysis, the CKD prevalence was higher among noncoffee drinkers with sedentary behavior (OR = 1.36, 95% CI: 1.20–1.53) than coffee drinkers with sedentary behavior or noncoffee drinkers without sedentary behavior. The joint effect (ROR = 1.18) exceeded the expected value under the multiplicative model. Subgroup analyses revealed significant interaction effects only in body mass index and diabetes subgroups ( p < .05). Sensitivity analyses further confirmed the robustness of the above associations. Conclusion Both sedentary behavior and noncoffee consumption are potential factors for CKD prevalence. Their joint association exceeds the expected multiplicative value. Reducing sedentary time and consuming coffee in moderation may be potential strategies for managing CKD prevalence.