High-Energy and Thermally Stable Energetic Materials Based on Triazole-Linked Triazine Compounds

In the field of energetic materials, achieving a balance between detonation performance and sensitivity remains a significant challenge, as high detonation performance is often accompanied by low sensitivity. In this work, a series of high-energy compounds featuring a triazole-linked triazine framework and their corresponding energetic salts 3-7 were synthesized. Of all the compounds studied, the potassium salt of N-(5-(4,6-diamino-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl) nitramine (4) and the nitrate of 3-amino-5-(4,6-diamino-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-1,2,4-triazol (6) exhibited outstanding thermal stability with thermal decomposition temperatures (Td) exceeding 350 °C. Compared to its neutral counterpart, N-[5-(4,6-diamino-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]nitramide (3), the thermal decomposition temperature was increased by 207 °C, a significant improvement rarely reported in the literature. Notably, compound 4 demonstrated excellent detonation performance (Dv = 8299 m/s; P = 25.9 GPa), low mechanical sensitivity (IS > 40 J, FS > 360 N), and high thermal decomposition temperature (Td = 370 °C), far surpassing those of the traditional high-energy insensitive energetic material HNS (Dv = 7162 m/s, IS = 5 J, FS = 240 N, Td = 318 °C). These results indicate that compound 4 shows promise as a candidate for novel high-energy insensitive energetic materials.