Laser‐Engineered Ag Nanoparticle on Carbon Cloth Electrodes for Enzyme‐Free Electrochemical NAD ⁺ Detection

ABSTRACT Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide () is a core redox cofactor, and its concentration reflects age and metabolic state, which has driven the development of biochemical analytical techniques. Although electrochemical techniques can rapidly and directly detect levels, the translation of laboratory sensors into deployable solutions is often limited by the complexity of electrode interface preparation and batch‐to‐batch variability. Especially among enzyme‐assisted methods, the multi‐step biochemical immobilization and activity preservation processes are required. Therefore, developing enzyme‐free and scalable electroanalytical manufacturing strategies remains important. Here, a rapid two‐step laser‐induced transfer strategy is proposed to fabricate flexible silver nanoparticle–decorated carbon cloth electrodes (AgNPs@CC) for enzyme‐free sensing. This strategy reduced interfacial impedance and established a robust cathodic window for enzyme‐free detection. The electrodes exhibit a linear operating range of 10–300 , an excellent sensitivity (S = −3.16) at the low concentration range(10–100 ), and outstanding tolerance to typical interferents (LA, UA, AA, glucose, and NADH) and robust storage stability. This method eliminates the wet‐chemical nanoparticle synthesis step and simplifies the production workflow, offering potential for applications like integration into portable sensing platforms.