The Use of <scp>3D</scp> ‐Printed Teeth Models for Crown Preparation Training: Perceptions of Postgraduate Dental Trainees

BACKGROUND: Typodont teeth used in preclinical dental training often lack the anatomical fidelity and tactile realism of natural dentition. With advancements in 3D printing, it is now feasible to design and fabricate highly realistic, patient-specific tooth models for educational use. METHODS: A mixed-methods study was conducted with 64 postgraduate dental trainees. Custom 3D-printed tooth models were created using intraoral scans and printed with two material types: Crowntec (CT) and Model 2.0 (M2.0). Participants completed standardised crown preparations and then responded to a validated questionnaire assessing model realism, training effectiveness and user preference. Quantitative responses were analysed using descriptive statistics and open-ended responses were thematically analysed. RESULTS: CT models were significantly rated higher than M2.0 and standard typodont teeth (STT) in terms of hardness (Ø 4.58 ± 0.75), haptic feedback (Ø 4.48 ± 0.67) and training suitability (Ø 4.56 ± 0.69). Compared to natural teeth, CT models were perceived as realistic in hardness (Ø 3.33 ± 1.07) and tactile feedback (Ø 3.97 ± 0.94). The artificial gingiva mask received moderate ratings in texture (Ø 3.33 ± 0.99) and consistency (Ø 3.5 ± 0.98). Qualitative themes included model design improvements, perceived educational value and cost-effectiveness. Despite a high initial setup cost, CT models were deemed educationally superior. CONCLUSION: 3D-printed dental models, particularly those using Crowntec resin, offer a realistic, reproducible and effective alternative to traditional models for teaching crown preparation. These models have the potential to improve training outcomes and merit integration into dental curricula.