On the Composition of the Material of Geological-Morphological Units on Venus

In our work, we show that the surface material at the landing sites of the Venera-8, -9, -10, -13, -14 and Vega-1 and -2 spacecraft may represent ejecta from impact craters located elsewhere, deposited from the atmosphere at the landing sites in the form of radar-dark parabolas. This raises the question of whether the lithified surface material observed at each of these sites originates from the geological and morphological units of these sites, or whether it partially or completely consists of solidified deposits of impact ejecta settled from the atmosphere. In any case, it would be prudent in future missions aimed at measuring the composition of local bedrock to drill to depths of several meters to ensure reliable sampling and analysis, and to avoid the possible influence of mapped radar-dark parabolas by selecting landing sites outside them.