Assessment of Eucalyptus seedlings grown in biodegradable containers and their growth in clonal plantations

This study evaluated the effects of different container materials and structural designs on the production and early field performance of clonal Eucalyptus spp. seedlings. Biodegradable containers made from polylactic acid, with or without side openings and combined or not with sawdust, were compared to polypropylene tubes and a biodegradable cellulose container under both nursery and field conditions. Shoot height, root collar diameter, dry biomass, and root system morphology were evaluated, along with initial container biodegradation. The results showed that the type of container material and design significantly influenced the morphological attributes of Eucalyptus seedlings during the nursery phase. Specifically, the presence or absence of side openings affected shoot development, root system morphology, and biomass accumulation. Despite these differences observed in the nursery, all seedlings demonstrated comparable height and diameter growth after being planted in the field. This suggests that initial morphological variations became less pronounced under environmental conditions. Furthermore, the biodegradation analysis indicated that both the material and design of the containers affected decomposition patterns, suggesting that decomposition rate aligns with the seedlings’ physiological needs, particularly during early root growth. Overall, the findings suggest that, when designed thoughtfully, biodegradable containers have the potential to replace conventional plastic models without compromising seedling quality or establishment. Nonetheless, further studies are recommended to optimize materials and configurations, evaluate long-term field performance, and support large-scale adoption in sustainable forest nursery systems.