Components wear detection by piezo-acoustic sensors and influence on the material in progressive stamping

Abstract Progressive stamping is widely used for high-volume sheet metal production, where tool condition directly affects stability and product quality. Tool wear, such as punch and die edge rounding, impacts the piercing mechanism and increases process forces and burr formation, and causes part edge deterioration. Therefore, accurate real-time wear monitoring is essential to prevent failures and reduce downtime. This study explores piezo-acoustic sensors for real-time monitoring of punch wear. Experiments on DC01 steel included static and dynamic tests with predefined tool wear. Sensor signals and force data were continuously analyzed. Results show that increased wear leads to higher peak load and delayed material fracture, indicating a shift from shear-dominated piercing to deformation-dominant material separation. Microstructural analysis confirmed that wear significantly alters fracture morphology and subsurface deformation, impacting part quality. Research shows that piezo–acoustic sensing yields the peak load value for punch wear, making it a powerful and useful measure in industry. It provides an effective solution for real-time tool-condition monitoring and predictive maintenance in progressive stamping operations.