Unfolding disaster diplomacy of India and China in the context of Nepal

Purpose Although a plethora of literature about disaster diplomacy is available, there is a lack of research analyzing the competition between two big nations to extend their geopolitical influence with a disaster-affected third nation. Design/methodology/approach In this study, the geopolitical relationship of Nepal with India and China has been examined through the disaster diplomacy perspective, considering the cases of two disasters: 2015 Gorkha Earthquake and COVID-19 pandemic. Findings The findings show that both India and China, in the competition for regional and global leadership, have been overtly or covertly attempting to extend their influence in Nepal. Moreover, they have utilized disasters in Nepal as opportunities to develop a positive image through humanitarian aid activities. The cooperation between Nepal, India and China is significant in reducing the impacts in disaster-affected areas. Research limitations/implications Studies operationalizing all key elements of disaster diplomacy using a generalized framework could be avenues of future research across wider geographical regions. Originality/value The research work offers new insights by considering the disaster diplomacy of two big neighboring nations in the disaster-affected third nation. The applied framework could be handy for researchers and scholars to explore further in the study of disaster diplomacy.