Optimization, ignition point, and thermodynamic properties of rubber seed bio‐oil: Python and <scp>RStudio</scp> approach

Abstract The utilization of rubber seed for bio‐oil production is a welcome concept because the bio‐oil is eco‐friendly and can be deployed for lubricating metallic parts and biodiesel production. This rubber seed bio‐oil from Ideze road, Ozoro, was produced using hexane as the solvent via a Soxhlet apparatus. The input parameters at 8 ratio, 90 min, and 69°C, via RStudio and Python yielded 44.11 and 43.75 wt%, respectively, which is close to the real (experimental) value of 44.53 wt% from Box–Behnken Design at the same input/injected parameters. However, RStudio produced not only a little more output than Python but also a better AIC (Akaike Information Criterion) and charts. The fuel qualities: 45.44 cetane number, 40.12 MJ/Kg HHV, −7 pour point are better than documented values, while the flash point, fire point, ignition point, and FTIR details are within an acceptable range. Additionally, an activation energy yielded 2.01 kJ/mol with 0.9741 R 2 via a kinetic approach revealed a highly active reaction process. Furthermore, the 21.503 kJ/mol enthalpy, −0.1538 kJ/mol entropy, and Gibbs energies: 73.34 kJ/mol at 337 K, 74.11 kJ/mol at 342 K, and 74.88 kJ/mol at 347 K. The positive condition of the enthalpy value demonstrates that the operation was an endothermic (heat‐absorbing) process, while the entropy's negative condition with the Gibbs energy positive values confirms that the operation is not spontaneous.