Role of cytochrome P450 in herbicides tolerance of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

Abstract This study aimed to investigate the participation of cytochrome P450 in the tolerance of common bean genotypes to the herbicides fomesafen and imazamox. A completely randomized design was adopted in a 4 × 2 factorial scheme (herbicide x genotype), with three replications. The herbicide factor consisted of four levels: herbicide, malathion, herbicide + malathion, and control (no application). The following variables were evaluated: phytotoxicity (PY), plant height (PH), stem diameter (SD), number of leaves (NL), number of pods per plant (NPP), and number of grains per plant (NGP). In the first experiment, only NPP and NGP were not affected, showing no significant differences between treatments and control. In the second experiment, significant differences were observed between treatments applied to the bean genotypes. The study highlights the involvement of cytochrome P450 monooxygenase enzymes (CYP450) in the detoxification of fomesafen and imazamox. However, the application of malathion in combination with imazamox increased the sensitivity of the plants to the herbicide, acting as a key pathway in the degradation of the ALS enzyme. This led to increased plant injury and consequently reduced NPP and NGP. The study concludes that , CYP450 activity is directly in the the metabolism of the herbicides applied to the evaluated bean genotypes. Graphical abstract