Rational Use of Benzodiazepines in Modern Healthcare: Evidence-Based Strategies

Benzodiazepines (BZDs) are among the most widely prescribed psychotropic drugs in modern healthcare, primarily used as anxiolytics, hypnotics, anticonvulsants, and muscle relaxants. However, rising global consumption and prolonged use raise significant concerns about safety and dependence. Recent studies report that up to 35.8% of patients continue BZD therapy beyond three months, with long-term use observed in over 5% of the general population. These patterns highlight the need for evidence-based strategies to improve prescribing practices. BZDs are recommended primarily for short-term management of severe anxiety or transient insomnia, typically limited to 2–4 weeks. In anxiety disorders, SSRIs and SNRIs are first-line treatments. BZD use is particularly discouraged in older adults due to increased risks of cognitive impairment, falls, and dependence. Rational prescribing requires individualized assessment, minimal effective dosing, gradual withdrawal protocols, and patient education. Enhanced regulatory oversight and improved access to psychotherapy are essential for safer benzodiazepine use.