Monkeypox Virus: Current Insights into Transmission, Diagnosis, and Therapeutic Strategies

Monkeypox virus (MPXV) is the causative agent of monkeypox, a zoonotic illness. MPXV is endemic in West and Central Africa's forested regions, but the virus is currently spreading globally, resulting in breakouts in several non-endemic nations. The human monkeypox virus (MPVX) was first detected in 1958. Since then, the disease has spread sporadically. Endemic regions have been noticed throughout central and western Africa. The World Health Organization designated the epidemic a public health emergency of international significance due to the Mpox virus's rapid spread. In recent years, monkeypox cases have increased in places where the illness is not endemic. Notably, in 2022, India reported its first confirmed case of monkeypox. As a result, governments increased their efforts to investigate therapeutic options aimed at controlling the sickness and its spread. Nevertheless, the treatment choices for Mpox virus infection are limited.