Design and Mechanical Performance of a Bio-inspired Three-dimensional Interlocking Lattice Structure

Three-dimensional lattice structures display outstanding mechanical attributes and deformation behaviors, making them viable options in aerospace engineering due to their effectiveness as lightweight load-supporting elements and vibration dampening systems. Inspired by the sturdy framework of Arapaima scales, celebrated for their exceptional mechanical qualities, this research presents a new energy-dissipating three-dimensional lattice configuration. A thorough examination of the compressive responses of this pioneering structure is performed using a diverse methodology that includes theoretical computations, empirical assessments, and computational modeling. Mathematical derivations clarifying the elastic modulus of the structure are developed through detailed stress analysis frameworks. Utilizing selective laser melting technology with 304 stainless steel, three variants of three-dimensional lattice structures are produced: the bio-inspired design, a negative Poisson ratio configuration, and a design incorporating BCC cellular units. A detailed finite element analysis was conducted to explore the deformation process and predict potential failure points. The theoretical estimation, simulation results and experimental data of the elastic modulus are consistent. The findings demonstrate the superior mechanical characteristics and notable energy absorption potential embedded in the innovative three-dimensional lattice structure. These results not only validate the effectiveness of this configuration but also lay a critical groundwork for future innovations in structural designs within the aerospace field.