Effect of Submerged Entry Nozzle Depth and Electromagnetic Stirring on Molten Steel Flow and Heat Transfer in 82B Billet Continuous Casting Mold

A three‐dimensional coupled model integrating fluid flow, heat transfer, and solidification under mold electromagnetic stirring (M‐EMS) is developed. The effects of submerged entry nozzle (SEN) immersion depth and M‐EMS parameters on mold flow and heat transfer are systematically investigated. As the SEN immersion depth increases, meniscus fluctuation gradually decreases, whereas the horizontal tangential velocity first increases and then decreases, reaching a maximum of 0.26 m/s at 100 mm. At this immersion depth, the high‐temperature zone matches the M‐EMS region more favorably, resulting in improved heat transfer and a minimum shell thickness difference of 0.11 mm between the inner and outer arcs. With increasing current intensity and frequency, the tangential velocity in the M‐EMS region increases, and the high‐temperature zone shifts upward and gradually moves toward the outer arc. When the M‐EMS parameters are 360 A and 4 Hz, the meniscus becomes more stable, the horizontal tangential velocity reaches 0.31 m/s, and the shell thickness difference between the inner and outer arcs is reduced to only 0.08 mm. Industrial trials further demonstrate that the optimized parameters significantly improve billet quality, resulting in a central porosity rating of 0.5 and a central shrinkage cavity rating not exceeding 0.5.