Endoscopic transorbital approach to complex orbital schwannoma: a case series and literature review

Complex orbital schwannomas pose a formidable challenge to orbital surgeons due to their deep-seated location which could extend into the cavernous sinus. Surgical approach via conventional orbitotomy is limited by suboptimal exposure and visualization, while frontotemporal craniotomy often entails higher morbidity and prolonged recovery, compromising both function and cosmesis. The minimally invasive endoscopic transorbital approach (ETOA) provides enhanced visualization and surgical precision, facilitating apical tumour removal with fewer complications and excellent cosmetic outcomes. We retrospectively reviewed seven cases of complex orbital schwannoma excised via ETOA. Our results support ETOA as an effective and less morbid alternative with favourable functional and aesthetic results for the management of complex orbital schwannomas.