Desmoid tumor suggesting recurrence of retroperitoneal liposarcoma: case report and review of the literature

Introduction: Liposarcomas are rare malignant tumors of adipocytic origin with a high propensity for local recurrence. Although desmoid tumors are benign, they may present with clinical and radiological features similar to those of soft tissue sarcomas, which may complicate the differential diagnosis. Presentation of case: We present the case of a patient who underwent an initial resection of a retroperitoneal liposarcoma. During routine follow-up, imaging suggested a local recurrence. Following a multidisciplinary discussion, a second surgical intervention was performed, revealing histopathological features consistent with a desmoid tumor rather than a recurrent liposarcoma. Discussion: This case demonstrates that a lesion initially suspected to be recurrent liposarcoma may actually be a desmoid tumor. It highlights the importance of a thorough multidisciplinary evaluation and histological confirmation prior to planning further treatment, given that management strategies differ significantly between these conditions. Conclusion: This observation highlights that lesions following abdominal liposarcoma resection do not always represent tumor recurrence, and that biopsy remains essential for accurate diagnosis and optimal management.