BASIC METHODS AND THEIR DIDACTIC PRINCIPLES IN TEACHING MATHEMATICS TO GENERAL SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS

This article analyzes the main methods used in teaching mathematics in general secondary education schools and their didactic principles. The study highlights the primary didactic objectives of the teaching process, their formation, and their role within the structure of the lesson. The author considers the methodology of teaching mathematics as a bilateral process based on the interaction between teacher and student activities. The article examines the advantages of scientific research methods, heuristic approaches, problem-based learning, and methods applied within the framework of modern STEAM technology, as well as their role in developing students’ creative thinking skills. Furthermore, the study broadly discusses instructional methods aimed at fostering independent thinking, analytical abilities, and conclusion-drawing skills alongside theoretical knowledge acquisition. According to the author, teaching through problem-based learning not only provides knowledge but also enables students to become active participants in the educational process. The article reveals the practical significance of methodological approaches in improving the effectiveness of mathematics education in general secondary schools.