Immunopathophysiology of immune checkpoint inhibitor-related pneumonitis: insights from multi-omics and immune profiling

types 1 and 17 helper T cells. Studies on lung tissues using spatial transcriptomics and imaging mass cytometry have provided detailed insights into the inflammatory microenvironment. These studies enhance our understanding of the intricate relationships between immune cells and the mechanisms underlying pulmonary tissue injury. Integrating multi-omics data will provide new insights into the immuno-pathophysiology of ICI-pneumonitis, deepening our understanding of this condition. These insights will enable more precise individual risk assessments and facilitate the development of safer immunotherapeutic strategies. This review highlights the recent research findings and provides an overview of the immunopathophysiology of ICI-pneumonitis.