Features of Electron Beam Welding of Metal Composite Materials Based on Immiscible Components

The causes of specific external defects formation during electron beam welding of a composite based on immiscible components Al–30 wt % Be–5 wt % Mg, related to the chemical composition of material, have been established. To suppress harmful evaporation processes in the penetration channel, it has been proposed to use longitudinal and transverse oscillations of electron beam together with the use of aluminum alloy inserts into the joint butt. It has been shown that to prevent porosity, the amount of magnesium in the insert should not exceed 3%. Additional alloying of the insert with 3–6% copper and 0.5–1.2% silicon made it possible to heat-strengthen the welds to the properties of the base material. It has been confirmed that for composites of 50 wt % Fe–50 wt % Cu and 60 wt % Fe–40 wt % Cu, the electron beam welding is an effective technology ensuring the production of high-quality welded joints without defects with strength and ductility at the level of the base material.