Hodgkin and non‐Hodgkin lymphomas in the post‐antiretroviral therapy era according to <scp>HIV</scp> virological suppression

Abstract Objectives Lymphomas remain among the most frequent HIV‐associated malignancies, with risk persisting despite effective virological control. This study describes the clinical, epidemiological and prognostic characteristics of lymphomas (both Hodgkin [HL] and non‐Hodgkin [NHL]) in people living with HIV (PLWH), according to virological suppression at diagnosis and assesses lymphoma‐related mortality at 1 year and overall survival at 5 years. Methods We conducted a multicentre retrospective study including PLWH from the Spanish CoRIS cohort, who were diagnosed with lymphoma between 2004 and 2022 and had HIV viral load data at diagnosis. Virological suppression was defined as HIV‐1 RNA &lt;100 copies/mL within the 6 months prior to and 1 month following lymphoma diagnosis. Results Among 18 573 PLWH included in CoRIS, 291 developed lymphoma, with virological data available for 245 individuals, of whom 49 (20%) had virological suppression. People with detectable HIV viral load had lower CD4 counts (median 180 cells/mm 3 [IQR 80–330] vs. 371 cells/mm 3 [IQR 202–583], p &lt; 0.001) and more advanced Ann Arbor stage (stage III–IV: 82.0% vs. 64.1%, p = 0.027) compared with those with virological suppression. Despite this, they showed similar treatment response (complete remission: 67.1% vs. 76.2%) and relapse rates (16.3% vs. 18.4%, p = 0.779). Furthermore, virological suppression was not independently associated with 1‐year lymphoma‐specific or 5‐year overall survival. Conclusions In PLWH diagnosed with lymphoma, prognosis is independent of HIV virological status at diagnosis. These findings support that lymphoma management in PLWH should be guided by standard oncological criteria, alongside antiretroviral therapy, regardless of HIV viral suppression status.

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Publication Details

Journal
HIV Medicine
Published
2026-05-17
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1111/hiv.70257
Primary Topic
Viral-associated cancers and disorders
Type
article
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article

Hodgkin and non‐Hodgkin lymphomas in the post‐antiretroviral therapy era according to HIV virological suppression

Núria Espinosa, Chiara Fanciulli, Meritxell Gavalda Manso, María del Mar Arcos-Rueda et al.
HIV Medicine
Viral-associated cancers and disorders
article

Hodgkin and non‐Hodgkin lymphomas in the post‐antiretroviral therapy era according to HIV virological suppression

Núria Espinosa, Chiara Fanciulli, Meritxell Gavalda Manso, María del Mar Arcos-Rueda, Marta Rava, Laura Pérez‐Martínez, María José Núñez Orantos, Mar Masiá, María Remedios Alemán Valls, José María Bellón, Cristina Hernández Gutiérrez, Leire Pérez, Ines Suarez-García, V Asensi, Joaquim Peraire, Marian Fernandez Lopez, JA Iribarren, María Tasias Pitarch, Diana Corona-Mata, Alfonso Cabello-Úbeda, Lucio García-Fraile, Marta Montero‐Alonso, Santiago Moreno Guillen, Francisco Tejerina, Arkaitz Imaz, Cristina Diez, Ángela Gutiérrez Liarte, CoRIS Cohort, Teresa Aldámiz‐Echevarria, Irene Portilla‐Tamarit
article en

Abstract

Abstract Objectives Lymphomas remain among the most frequent HIV‐associated malignancies, with risk persisting despite effective virological control. This study describes the clinical, epidemiological and prognostic characteristics of lymphomas (both Hodgkin [HL] and non‐Hodgkin [NHL]) in people living with HIV (PLWH), according to virological suppression at diagnosis and assesses lymphoma‐related mortality at 1 year and overall survival at 5 years. Methods We conducted a multicentre retrospective study including PLWH from the Spanish CoRIS cohort, who were diagnosed with lymphoma between 2004 and 2022 and had HIV viral load data at diagnosis. Virological suppression was defined as HIV‐1 RNA &lt;100 copies/mL within the 6 months prior to and 1 month following lymphoma diagnosis. Results Among 18 573 PLWH included in CoRIS, 291 developed lymphoma, with virological data available for 245 individuals, of whom 49 (20%) had virological suppression. People with detectable HIV viral load had lower CD4 counts (median 180 cells/mm 3 [IQR 80–330] vs. 371 cells/mm 3 [IQR 202–583], p &lt; 0.001) and more advanced Ann Arbor stage (stage III–IV: 82.0% vs. 64.1%, p = 0.027) compared with those with virological suppression. Despite this, they showed similar treatment response (complete remission: 67.1% vs. 76.2%) and relapse rates (16.3% vs. 18.4%, p = 0.779). Furthermore, virological suppression was not independently associated with 1‐year lymphoma‐specific or 5‐year overall survival. Conclusions In PLWH diagnosed with lymphoma, prognosis is independent of HIV virological status at diagnosis. These findings support that lymphoma management in PLWH should be guided by standard oncological criteria, alongside antiretroviral therapy, regardless of HIV viral suppression status.

HIV Medicine
Universitat de Miguel Hernández d'Elx (ES), University of Alicante (ES), Universidad de Alcalá (ES), Hospital Universitario de Canarias (ES), Hospital Universitario La Paz (ES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ES), Bellvitge University Hospital (ES), Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón (ES), Hospital Clínico San Carlos (ES), Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe (ES), Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Bellvitge (ES), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (ES), Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (ES), Biogipuzkoa Health Research Institute (ES), Institut de Recerca Biomèdica Catalunya Sud (ES), Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias (ES), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (ES), Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz (ES), Hospital Universitario de La Princesa (ES), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (ES), Hospital General Universitario de Alicante Doctor Balmis (ES), Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (ES), Unidad Funcional de Investigación de Enfermedades Crónicas (ES), Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca (ES), Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII de Tarragona (ES), Hospital Universitario Son Espases (ES), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío (ES), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía (ES), Instituto de Investigación de Enfermedades Raras (ES), Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal (ES), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (ES), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL) (ES), Universitat Rovira i Virgili (ES), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (ES), Universidad Europea de Madrid (ES)
Instituto de Salud Carlos III
Good health and well-being
Openalex Percentile: Top 7%
Viral-associated cancers and disorders
DOISourceOpenAlex
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