Modern Methods for Processing Ceramic Parts

This article presents an analytical review of modern methods for mechanical and contactless processing of ceramic materials, taking into account the physicochemical properties that emerge during high-energy impacts on solids in the working zone. It systematizes abrasive processing methods using diamond wheels with modified cutting zone geometries: fractal, bionic, segmented, and combined (1A1 + 1V1). It is shown that these designs reduce cutting force, local temperature in the contact zone, and abrasive load, increasing tool life. The article analyzes the features of intermittent grinding, in which material is removed from different areas of the cutting surface. This increases the amount of heat carried away by the chips and reduces the thermal load on the workpiece due to limited heating of the subsurface layers. The article examines the features of laser processing of ceramics, including the types of generators used and their parameters (wavelength, power, pulse frequency), as well as the influence of thermophysical factors on the quality of the resulting surface. Special attention is given to reducing thermal damage using femtosecond pulses and water cooling. Laser, ultrasonic, and hybrid laser-mechanical methods are described, including milling with preheating of the machining zone, which provides localized strength reduction and increased productivity. The limitations associated with synchronizing the movement of the radiation source and tool when machining complex surfaces are discussed. The feasibility of using neural network models for intelligent control of machining parameters in real time is demonstrated.