Polymer and Polymer Composite‐Based Electrochemical Sensors for Real‐Time Detection of River Water Targeted Endocrine Disruptors

ABSTRACT Endocrine‐disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are pervasive environmental contaminants that interfere with hormone function and pose significant risks to ecosystems and human health. Their presence in river water necessitates sensitive, selective, and real‐time detection methods for effective monitoring and mitigation. Conventional analytical techniques, although accurate, are limited by their complexity, cost, and lack of portability. Polymer and polymer composite‐based electrochemical sensors have emerged as promising tools due to their high sensitivity, selectivity, rapid response, and potential for on‐site deployment. This review discusses the principles of electrochemical sensing, the roles of polymers and polymer composites in sensor fabrication, and their applications in detecting targeted EDCs in river water. Challenges such as matrix interference and sensor stability are addressed, with future perspectives on integration with digital platforms for environmental monitoring.