Innovative Nanomaterials-Based Strategies for PFAS Sensing

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been extensively used for many years in the manufacturing of industrial and commercial goods. Their toxicity and their extensive use, stability, durability, persistence, and bioaccumulation are responsible for the contamination of water, soil, air, and food, causing significant harm to human health and the environment. The objective of this chapter is to evaluate the ability of advanced (bio)sensing strategies for the sensitive, accurate, rapid, simple, and low-cost detection of PFAS in drinking water and the environment. We address advanced bio(sensing) strategies by emphasizing the electrochemical (bio)sensing strategies and the optical bio(sensing) strategies. The principle of each method, the mechanisms involved in the detection, the linear range, the limit of detection, and the applicability are underlined. Finally, this review outlines the major challenges and outlook to move advanced (bio)sensing strategies from the laboratory stage to practical applications in the environment, food, and health.