Lean and green manufacturing synergy in the automotive industry a systematic review from 2010 to 2026

Abstract Under the pressure of global climate change, the automotive manufacturing industry faces the dual challenge of improving operational efficiency and environmental performance. However, existing research on lean manufacturing and environmental management integration suffers from theoretical fragmentation and contradictory empirical results. Following the Systematic Search Flow framework and PRISMA guidelines, this study systematically reviews 46 articles from Web of Science and Scopus (2010–March 2026), combining bibliometric analysis using Bibliometrix and VOSviewer. The findings reveal three developmental stages: relationship validation, mechanism exploration, and digitally driven transformation. Drawing on Triple Bottom Line Theory, Resource-Based View, and Institutional Theory, this study constructs a multi-theoretical framework across micro, meso, and macro levels, identifying three mechanisms through which integration affects environmental performance: process optimisation, capability enhancement, and technology enablement. Integration outcomes are moderated by resource endowments, organisational capabilities, and technological maturity, demonstrating conditional rather than universal applicability. These findings explain contradictory empirical conclusions, offer differentiated strategic guidance for automotive manufacturers, and support the industry's transition toward low-carbon and intelligent manufacturing. Future research should adopt longitudinal designs and extend to circular economy and carbon neutrality frameworks.