Illumination Survey and Lux Contour Mapping in Surface Mines: A Case Study on Safety and Operational Efficiency

Effective illumination is a critical determinant of safety, productivity, and operational reliability in surface mining operations, where large-scale mechanization and round-the-clock production schedules are common. Inadequate illumination in opencast mines contributes significantly to operational hazards such as dumper collisions, equipment failure, worker fatigue, and reduced visibility during night shifts. The present study conducts a comprehensive illumination survey in a surface mine to evaluate existing lighting conditions against the standards prescribed by the Directorate General of Mines Safety (DGMS). The study employed digital lux meters and systematic field measurements to quantify light intensity across operational zones such as haul roads, drilling areas, workshops, coal stockyards, and heavy earth moving machinery (HEMM) operating zones. Lux contour maps were generated using interpolation techniques to visually represent the spatial distribution of illumination levels and identify low-light “dark zones.” The results revealed that although several operational areas complied with DGMS standards, many sections of haul roads and stockyard peripheries exhibited illumination values below the prescribed threshold. The study demonstrates that lux contour mapping can serve as an effective decision-support tool for improving mine illumination planning, reducing accident risks, and enhancing worker efficiency. Recommendations include strategic placement of portable lighting towers, adoption of LED-based lighting systems, and implementation of periodic illumination audits for sustainable mine safety management.