Improving design operations for offsite construction: an empirical implementation of a generative design framework

Purpose This paper aims to propose a framework for the digitalization and improvement of design operations in offsite construction (OSC). It addresses the limitations of traditional methods by introducing custom generative tools that automate modular layout design based on optimal solutions for OSC. Design/methodology/approach This study applies Design Science Research to develop the framework, integrating principles of OSC, generative design and digitalization to guide the automation and optimization of modular layouts. In addition, an empirical implementation was conducted within the design office of a case study company to demonstrate its applicability. Findings The implementation of the framework led to significant improvements in the company’s design process for temporary modular changing rooms. Quantitative data revealed a substantial reduction in the time required for layout design, ranging from 58% to 72%. User feedback was collected through a survey administered to the design teams of both the case study and control company, yielding an overall positive response. The findings indicate high levels of agreement across all evaluated criteria, including efficiency, feasibility, sufficiency and applicability. Originality/value Current research on generative design applications in OSC remains largely experimental, with limited practical application and validation. This study presents a generative framework for modular layout design, including detailed steps and replicable methods, along with its implementation for changing facilities within an OSC company, where measurable improvements in layout generation time were achieved.