Global research trends and hotspot evolution analysis of immunotherapy for allergic rhinitis: a multi-dimensional exploration based on bibliometrics

OBJECTIVE: This study employs bibliometric methods to analyze global research trends and the evolution of hotspots in the field of Allergic Rhinitis (AR) immunotherapy between 2010 and 2024. METHODS: A comprehensive search was conducted in the Web of Science Core Collection database for relevant literature published from 2010 to 2024. VOSviewer and CiteSpace were utilized to perform analyses on country/institutional collaboration, keyword co-occurrence and clustering, and citation bursts for the final set of 2470 included publications. RESULTS: The annual global publication output demonstrated a steady growth trend. The United States, China, and major European countries emerged as the core research contributors. The evolution of research hotspots revealed a distinct "three-polar pattern": a transition in treatment from traditional immunotherapy towards biologics, notably omalizumab and dupilumab; an upgrade in diagnosis from crude allergen extract testing to molecular component-resolved techniques; and the integration of guidelines, digital health, and patient-reported outcomes to form a closed-loop management system. CONCLUSION: This study identifies a comprehensive shift within the AR immunotherapy field towards precision medicine. Future efforts should focus on real-world evidence generation for biologics, the translation of biomarkers into clinical practice, and cost-effectiveness evaluations, aiming to establish a "precise diagnosis-targeted intervention-dynamic management" clinical pathway. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level 1.