Fostering collaborative creativity and ensemble skills through virtual ensembles in hybrid music education: A systematic literature review

The sudden change of music education to a hybrid form during the COVID-19 pandemic has made virtual ensembles the primary way of learning together. The authors aim through this review to understand how much digital platforms such as JackTrip, Jamulus, Zoom, and Soundtrap have affected the student engagement in musical ensemble practice. The paper emphasizes virtually choreographed concerts not only as a method for being able to continue training when difficulties arise but also to develop creative cooperation, self-management, and more advanced group playing skills. Seventeen peer-reviewed articles from 2020 to 2025 show that low latency platforms such as JackTrip and Jamulus are instrumental in facilitating musical engagement in real-time. Along with this, by using constructivist pedagogical methods like project-based learning, flipped classrooms, and DIY/DIWO, students become relentlessly more creative with music. Tools like Soundtrap help students create ideas asynchronously, while real-time platforms support timing and listening skills. However, there are still problems besides these advantages. Latency, audio compression, the difference in the equipment, and complicated user interfaces make it difficult for everyone to participate equally and for the group to stay together. The review points out that the success of virtual ensemble learning depends on instruction supported by well-aligned technology, which means planning, scaffolding, and technical support as well as flexible roles. This study provides a framework for educators, curriculum developers, and institutions seeking to improve hybrid music education. The right technology with inclusive, reflective teaching, virtual ensembles can become great ways to work together creatively and perform well.