Emergent Time: Cosmological Implications and Possibilities for Verication

The theory of emergent time developed in \citet{Jaster2026a,Jaster2026b,Jaster2026c} -- in which the scalar causal field $\Theta_{\ell_{P}}(x)\in[0,1]$ couples the temporal structure of spacetime to matter and propagates at the speed of light -- is applied to cosmological phenomena. We systematically examine which observable deviations from General Relativity (GR) the model predicts and which known tensions of modern cosmology can be explained naturally. As directly explainable phenomena we identify the CMB large-angle anomaly, hemisphere asymmetry, Hubble tension, and $\sigma_8$ tension. In addition, the model provides a mechanistic replacement for dark energy and a natural candidate for dark matter. All exact solutions of the Einstein field equations are modified by the $\Theta_{\ell_{P}}$ factor; three new solution classes arise.