Chiral Cages With Asymmetric π‐Clefts Enable Catalytic Enantioconvergent S <sub>N</sub> 1 Transformation via Synergistic Cation–π and Anion–π Interactions

ABSTRACT Understanding and exploiting noncovalent interactions are essential for advancing chemical transformations and catalysis. While both cation–π and anion–π interactions have attracted growing attention, their deliberate use as a dominant design element remains elusive. Here, we present an ion–π catalysis strategy employing both π interactions as the key driving force to steer challenging stereoselective carbocation transformation, enabling catalytic enantioconvergent S N 1 reactions. Through straightforward one‐pot synthesis, we efficiently constructed a series of chiral cages composed solely of aromatic units, featuring electron‐rich asymmetric π clefts and electron‐deficient π exterior surfaces. This all‐π system leverages strong cation–π interactions to trap and stabilize carbocation intermediates within its chiral V‐cleft, while simultaneously engaging the counteranion via anion–π interactions on its exterior surface. This synergistic π network drives a highly enantioconvergent S N 1 process, enabling asymmetric allylation of propargyl acetates to form congested quaternary stereocenters. This system shows considerable sensitivity to subtle electronic and steric changes, resembling enzymatic behavior. This work provides a strategic approach for harnessing noncovalent π interactions to address challenging transformations.

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Publication Details

Journal
Angewandte Chemie
Published
2026-05-17
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.9631464
Primary Topic
Catalytic C–H Functionalization Methods
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
0.00

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article

Chiral Cages With Asymmetric π‐Clefts Enable Catalytic Enantioconvergent S N 1 Transformation via Synergistic Cation–π and Anion–π Interactions

De‐Xian Wang, Teng-Yu Huang, Hailong Zhang, Lixia Wang et al.
Angewandte Chemie
Catalytic C–H Functionalization Methods
article

Chiral Cages With Asymmetric π‐Clefts Enable Catalytic Enantioconvergent S N 1 Transformation via Synergistic Cation–π and Anion–π Interactions

De‐Xian Wang, Teng-Yu Huang, Hailong Zhang, Lixia Wang, Jie Cui, Yu‐Fei Ao, Jun‐Feng Xiang, Xu‐Dong Wang, Fei‐Yun Yan, Qi‐Qiang Wang, Yi‐Meng Zhang
article en

Abstract

ABSTRACT Understanding and exploiting noncovalent interactions are essential for advancing chemical transformations and catalysis. While both cation–π and anion–π interactions have attracted growing attention, their deliberate use as a dominant design element remains elusive. Here, we present an ion–π catalysis strategy employing both π interactions as the key driving force to steer challenging stereoselective carbocation transformation, enabling catalytic enantioconvergent S N 1 reactions. Through straightforward one‐pot synthesis, we efficiently constructed a series of chiral cages composed solely of aromatic units, featuring electron‐rich asymmetric π clefts and electron‐deficient π exterior surfaces. This all‐π system leverages strong cation–π interactions to trap and stabilize carbocation intermediates within its chiral V‐cleft, while simultaneously engaging the counteranion via anion–π interactions on its exterior surface. This synergistic π network drives a highly enantioconvergent S N 1 process, enabling asymmetric allylation of propargyl acetates to form congested quaternary stereocenters. This system shows considerable sensitivity to subtle electronic and steric changes, resembling enzymatic behavior. This work provides a strategic approach for harnessing noncovalent π interactions to address challenging transformations.

Angewandte Chemie
Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (CN), Institute of Physics (CN), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN)
National Natural Science Foundation of China, National Key Research and Development Program of China
Openalex Percentile: Top 10%
Catalytic C–H Functionalization Methods
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