STUDY ON DIVERSITY OF WASP IN PAKISTAN

Study on Diversity of Wasps in Pakistan: A Comprehensive Review Pakistan harbors exceptionally rich wasp diversity due to its varied ecological gradients. This review provides the first nationwide synthesis of wasp (Hymenoptera: Apocrita) biodiversity, compiling data from 42 primary studies (2000–2025). A total of 612 species and morphospecies belonging to six major families (Vespidae, Sphecidae, Pompilidae, Ichneumonidae, Braconidae, and Chrysidoidea) are documented. Original tables, distribution maps, pie charts, bar charts, and scientific illustrations created exclusively for this study highlight regional hotspots (Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and northern montane forests), family composition (Vespidae 40%, parasitoids 35%), and strong seasonal patterns (peak activity in spring and autumn). The review also discusses ecological roles (pollination, predation, parasitism), threats (habitat loss, pesticides, climate change), and provides clear recommendations for future research and conservation. This work establishes the first quantitative baseline for Pakistan’s wasp fauna. Keywords: Apocrita, biodiversity, conservation, Hymenoptera, Pakistan, systematic review, Vespidae, wasp diversity