Social Thermodynamics: Unipolar vs. Multipolar Systems, Malthusian Trap, and National Rise and Fall

Based on the four laws of social thermodynamics, this paper reveals the thermodynamic essence of the Malthusian population trap, defines the essence of science and technology, and clarifies the negative entropy allocation mechanism of human wealth circulation. Combined with the Belousov–Zhabotinsky (BZ) self-organization oscillation reaction, this paper compares the operational differences of social dissipative structures under unipolar and multipolar systems. The study shows that the traditional unipolar system is characterized by insufficient negative entropy input and rigid distribution, so population expansion will inevitably trigger passive economic crises and periodic famines, and eventually achieve entropy balance through large-scale population reduction. The multipolar system achieves high-speed negative entropy input through scientific cognition and technological innovation, driving society into a high-energy-level and high-temperature dissipative state, thus realizing national prosperity and civilized transition. This paper provides a unified axiomatic framework for understanding population issues, economic crises, institutional evolution and national rise and fall.