RELIGIOUS ANTAGONISM SENTIMENT–EXPRESSION INDEX; A Historical Composite Analysis of Sentiment, Expression, Magnitude, and Geopolitical Triggers in the Modern Muslim World, 1955–2026

This working paper introduces the Religious Antagonism Sentiment–Expression Index (RASEI/IAEK), a historical composite framework designed to analyze changes in religious antagonism within the modern Muslim world from 1955 to 2026. The study distinguishes between socio-political sentiment, observable expression, and historical echo/magnitude, while examining the role of geopolitical triggers such as wars, revolutions, foreign interventions, ideological funding, and state instability. Using a five-year historical periodization and proxy-based composite indicators, the paper aims to provide a structured and measurable approach to understanding long-term non-linear patterns of religious antagonism. The study does not assess Islam as a theological system or all Muslims as a homogeneous group, but rather examines observable socio-political dynamics across historical periods.