A GIS-based MCDM model for identifying optimal urban sustainable locations for electric vehicle charging stations: the case study of Cairo, Egypt

Purpose Mitigating the impacts of climate change requires decarbonising transportation systems. One key challenge is the optimal allocation of electric vehicle charging stations (EVCS). This study aims to develop a strategic decision-support model to prioritise EVCS locations and enhance sustainability opportunities in urban environments. Design/methodology/approach The research employs a geographic information system (GIS) based multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) framework. A four-step methodology has been developed. Firstly, determined seven main criteria and 59 sub-criteria. Secondly, the spatial interrelations between these criteria and the technical categories of EVCS were reached. Thirdly, indicators are weighted using the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) by experts with diverse backgrounds. Fourthly, the model's validity is tested using actual data and maps from Cairo City, resulting in a multi-layered suitability map generated from the criteria weights from the previous steps. Findings The study compiles and operationalises a comprehensive set of indicators for EVCS allocation and identifies priority areas for EVCS in Cairo. It can also be adapted to other cities that can provide the necessary spatial data. The results demonstrate that combining spatial context, technical parameters, and expert evaluation significantly improves the accuracy of EVCS site selection. Originality/value This study advances GIS-based MCDA and AHP approaches by integrating them in a sustainability-oriented, multimodal urban planning model. And incorporates multidisciplinary expert assessments, with urban planning specialists playing a central role in the weighting process to ensure alignment with real urban conditions and practical planning needs.