Seismic risk assessment of ancient temples in Tibetan region based on improved Set Pair Analysis

This study innovatively applies an improved Set Pair Analysis (SPA) to assess seismic risks for immovable cultural relics, taking ancient temples with different protection levels in Shigatse City, Tibet, as a case study. Based on the regional natural disaster system theory and complex adaptive system theory, a seismic risk assessment indicator system was constructed from four dimensions: hazard factors of disasters, sensitivity of disaster-prone environments, vulnerability of cultural relics, and cultural-tourism value; The weighting was performed by applying the CRITIC method, the Entropy Weight Method (EWM), and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Furthermore, an improved Set Pair Analysis method, combined with the confidence criterion and equal division principle, was used to quantitatively assess the seismic risk levels of ancient temples with different protection levels in Shigatse. The aim is to provide methodological support for developing differentiated cultural relic protection plans and enhancing the efficiency of disaster prevention and resource utilization.