Efficiency Enhancement and Transparency Adaption of Bladed PM6:Y6 Solar Cells Doped with Binary Lanthanide (Eu ³⁺ /Sm ³⁺ )-Induced Polymeric Nanoaggregates

The emergence of convenient blading technology has enabled the development of large-area polymer solar cells (PSCs). However, the smart, efficient enhancement and transparency adaption of bladed PM6:Y6 solar cells requires demonstration of key performance indicators. Herein, we report the enhanced efficiency and adapted transparency of PSCs by binary lanthanide (Eu3+/Sm3+)-induced diblock polymer aggregates (EIPAs/SIPAs) with inclusion of ZnO (ZnO:EIPAs:SIPAs). First, the EIPA- and SIPA-cocapsulated ZnO nanoclusters (ESPAs-Z) were employed as the electron-transport layer (ETL). Owing to their distinct excitation and emission spectra, EIPAs and SIPAs can synergistically boost solar light harvesting and energy conversion. Thus, bladed devices using a PM6:Y6 active layer, with EIPAs and SIPAs in the ETL, have achieved an enhanced power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 13.47% that is notably enhanced by the ratio of 11.4% from 12.03% of the single ZnO ETL. Simultaneously, this ESPAs-Z-in-ETL improves the compatibility between ITO and the active layer and optimizes the energy-level alignment at the interface. In PM6:Y6-based semitransparent polymer solar cells (ST-PSCs), doping EIPAs and SIPAs yielded an optimal PCE of 6.09% while maintaining a high AVT of 39.32%. This work demonstrates that incorporating Eu3+/Sm3+ nanoaggregates into PSCs is a critical advance for the scalable fabrication of ST-PSCs.