Using nanoparticles to preserve the safety and health of seeds from black point disease in warehouses for six varieties of Iraqi wheat (Triticum aestivum)

Abstract A laboratory and warehouse study was conducted during the 2024/2025 season in the laboratories and warehouses of the Plant Protection Department of the College of Agriculture, Tikrit University/Iraq. The study included the use of silver nanoparticles and biosynthetic zinc nanoparticles from the food mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus A2019 for four parts: (mushroom filtrate, biomass, cold extract and Hot extract) to preserve the safety and health of seeds from black point disease for six varieties of Iraqi wheat. The results of the study showed that the two fungi, Altrnaria spp and Fusarium spp , had the highest appearance rate among the isolated and diagnosed fungi, as the percentage of the two fungi reached 17.50% and 19.25%, respectively. The experimental treatment was reduced to study the effect Concentrations of silver nanoparticles and zinc nanoparticles on the fungi Alternaria spp and Fusarium spp , which cause black spot disease (cm). Treating the fungus filtrate with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) at a concentration of 2 mm gave the highest rate of inhibition, reaching 0·640 cm for the fungus Alternaria spp and 0·520 cm for the fungus Fusarium spp at the same concentration and the same treatment, while the highest percentage was Germination before storage for the Iraq 2 variety reached 92.25%, while the highest germination rate after storage was for the Aba variety, which reached 97.75%. As for estimating the storage infection rate based on the pathogenic fungus Fusarium spp , the lowest infection rate was in the treatment consisting of (AgNPs) + pesticide + fungus, as it reached 0.79% and 0.75% for the fungus Alternaria spp for the same treatment and the same concentration.