PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND LEGAL ACCOUNTABILITY IN ORTHODONTICS: A NARRATIVE REVIEW

ABSTRACT Ethics and laws are fundamental to safe and trustworthy orthodontic practice. Core ethical principles, including beneficence, non-maleficence, respect for patient autonomy, justice, and professional integrity, underpin the clinical judgment and decision-making processes of orthodontists in routine practice. Orthodontic treatment often involves long durations, significant costs, and visible changes to facial appearance, making clear communication, realistic expectation setting, and informed consent especially important. Alongside ethics, legal responsibilities help define standards of care and professional accountability. Understanding medicolegal aspects, maintaining accurate records, and addressing complications early can prevent misunderstandings and reduce the risk of disputes. Strong communication and ethical decision-making not only protect patients but also support orthodontists in practicing with confidence and integrity. By blending ethical values with legal awareness, orthodontic care can remain patient-centered, professionally fulfilling, and worthy of public trust.