Mesenchymal stromal cell secretome in skin health: A comprehensive review of composition, mechanisms, and dermatological applications

The field of biocosmetics and dermatology has witnessed significant advancements with the advent of regenerative medicine, particularly through the utilization of stem cell-derived secretome. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells with immunomodulatory and regenerative ability. The secretome containing a plethora of bioactive molecules secreted by MSCs has exhibited potent paracrine effects that modulate inflammation, promote angiogenesis, enhance collagen synthesis, and accelerate wound healing, thereby displaying immense therapeutic potential for dermatological applications. Unlike stem cell transplantation, the secretome offers a cell-free alternative, with reduced risks of immune rejection and tumorigenicity, while maintaining regenerative efficacy. This review explores the molecular composition, biological functions, mechanism of action, and therapeutic applications of MSC-derived secretome in the context of skin health and dermatology. We also discuss current biotechnological strategies for secretome isolation, characterization, and formulation, highlighting challenges related to standardization, scalability, and regulatory compliance. Clinical studies and biotherapeutic formulations incorporating secretome are reviewed, showcasing promising outcomes in reducing wrinkles, hyperpigmentation, skin diseases, and other signs of skin aging. Furthermore, potential future directions are addressed, including personalized secretome therapies and integration with advanced delivery systems. In conclusion, MSC-derived secretome represents a versatile and innovative platform with substantial potential to revolutionize biocosmetics and aesthetic dermatology. Ongoing research and technological advancements are expected to accelerate its translation into safe, effective, and widely accessible treatments, fostering a new era of skin regeneration and rejuvenation. • Maps MSC secretome cargos: soluble cues + EVs, shaped by donor, tissue, passage. • Synthesizes MSC secretome clinical signals across various dermatological indications. • Surveys secretome delivery engineering: gels/creams, microneedles, dressings, scaffolds. • Frames translation: secretome biomanufacture, QC/QA, safety, potency, and regulatory hurdles.