IoT-Based Smart Border Surveillance System Using Wireless Sensor Networks

Continuous surveillance of extensive and often remote regions, such as national borders and forests, poses significant challenges for national security and environmental conservation. Manual patrolling requires substantial human resources and is often conducted in challenging terrain. This study proposes an electronic surveillance system that replaces manual patrolling with automated monitoring based on the Internet of Things (IoT). The system employs an ESP32-CAM module to detect suspicious activities, determine the distance at which these activities occur, and transmit precise alerts to a control center. The system offers real-time surveillance with high accuracy, contributing to wildlife protection, illegal logging prevention, and smuggling deterrence. A real-time security system ensures continuous and efficient monitoring of border areas and forests, thereby enhancing the overall protection.