Development and Performance of a Combination of Hydroxyapatite with a Collagen Membrane for Tissue Regeneration

In medicine and dentistry, bone-loss treatment often uses hydroxyapatite combined with collagen membranes. The biocompatibility of these biomaterials depends on their composition and physical/mechanical properties. In this study, a graft composed of synthetic hydroxyapatite nanoparticle (Blue Bone®) and a bovine type I collagen membrane (Green Membrane Perio®) was developed compared with commercial Bio-Oss® graft and Mucograft® membrane. The materials were characterized by roughness, wettability, tensile testing, DSC, SEM, and TEM. In vivo, temporoparietal bone defects were created in 40 Wistar rats divided into five groups (n = 8): sham (no biomaterial); Bio-Oss®; Bio-Oss® + Mucograft®; Blue-Bone®; and Blue-Bone® + Green Membrane Perio®. Immunohistochemistry showed Green Membrane Perio® was made of thin, well-organized type I collagen fibers and was free of contaminants. Immunohistochemistry, histology, and immunohistochemical analyses indicated that Blue Bone® and Green Membrane Perio® were biocompatible and supported tissue regeneration. The Blue Bone® groups demonstrated higher collagen content than the Bio-Oss® + Mucograft® group. Quantitative and qualitative outcomes included morphological, thermal, mechanical, and surface property measurements, as well as cellular compatibility testing. The results showed comparable wettability and surface roughness, adequate membrane tensile strength, osteoconductive nanoparticle morphology, no adverse inflammatory reactions, and similar new bone formation metrics compared with controls. In conclusion, the combination of synthetic hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (Blue Bone®) and a bovine type I collagen membrane (Green Membrane Perio®) showed good performance when compared to established products and was considered safe and biocompatible for bone repair applications.