ETIOLOGY OF GALLSTONE DISEASE AND ITS CURRENT CLINICAL CHALLENGES

Gallstone disease, or cholelithiasis, is currently considered one of the most widespread diseases worldwide. This disease is characterized by the formation of stones of various sizes and shapes in the gallbladder or bile ducts. Despite the development of modern medicine, the problems associated with gallstone disease remain relevant. The development of gallstone disease depends on many factors, the main ones being the following: Firstly, metabolic disorders play an important role. In particular, as a result of impaired cholesterol metabolism in the body, the amount of cholesterol in the bile increases, which leads to the formation of crystals. Secondly, unhealthy eating habits are also among the main causes of the disease. Frequent consumption of fatty, fried, and fast foods changes the composition of bile and increases the risk of stone formation. Thirdly, a sedentary lifestyle also contributes to the development of the disease. Lack of physical activity leads to bile stagnation, which creates favorable conditions for the formation of stones. Fourthly, hereditary factors are also important. If this disease has been observed in a family, the likelihood of its occurrence in future generations also increases.