Epidemiology of Needle Stick Injuries at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Trinidad From 2011 to 2016: A Retrospective Study

Background: The most significant infections via needle-stick injuries (NSIs) involve hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and HIV, and the most common device is a hollow-bore needle or suture needle. This study aimed to determine the epidemiology and associated factors that contribute to occupational exposures to blood and bodily fluids at a hospital in South Trinidad and Tobago. Methods: This study was conducted retrospectively from 2011 to 2016 in one tertiary public health institution in Trinidad and Tobago. Data were extracted from incident reports, occupational health records, and infection prevention and control (IPC) unit documentation. Primary outcomes included demographic characteristics, occupation, and departmental distribution of NSIs. Secondary outcomes assessed the circumstances of injury, anatomical site, glove use, laboratory investigations, and administration of post‑exposure prophylaxis (PEP). Results: A total of 221 healthcare workers reported NSIs, with a mean age of 34.97 years. Most affected individuals were women and clinical staff. "Other" (e.g., psychiatry, or in transit outside wards/units) accounted for the highest proportions of injuries, followed by internal medicine, while the IPC unit received the majority of first reports. Procedures were the most common activity associated with injury, followed by discarding needles and recapping. Fingers were the most frequently affected sites, particularly the right index and left ring fingers. Documentation gaps were notable, especially regarding glove use and time to reporting. PEP was administered in most cases, and official reporting to the IPC unit was associated with a higher likelihood of receiving PEP. Laboratory testing commonly included renal and liver function tests, complete blood counts, and screening for blood‑borne pathogens. Conclusion: NSIs reflect ongoing challenges in occupational safety. Strengthening IPC training, improving reporting practices, promoting safer sharps handling, and implementing safety‑engineered devices are essential to reducing NSI incidence and improving post‑exposure management.