Reconfigurable Photoresponse in BSTS/WSe ₂ Heterojunctions: From Multidimensional Encryption to Convolution‐Enhanced Image Processing

ABSTRACT The escalating security and privacy threats in machine vision call for optoelectronic sensors that can directly encrypt and preprocess optical information at the point of acquisition. Conventional photodetectors lack dynamic reconfigurability to implement robust in‐sensor encryption while maintaining high‐performance image acquisition. To address this dual demand, we developed a photovoltaic detector based on a Bi 1.46 Sb 0.54 Te 1.7 Se 1.3 (BSTS)/WSe 2 van der Waals heterojunction. This device uniquely features gate‐programmable multidimensional encryption and convolutional image processing capabilities. Leveraging the topological surface states of BSTS for ultrafast charge extraction and the ambipolarity of 2D WSe 2 , the device enables efficient separation of photogenerated carriers. Under 405 nm illumination, it achieves a high responsivity of 295 mA/W, an external quantum efficiency of 90%, and a fast response time of 170/210 µs. Critically, the gate voltage‐tunable built‐in electric field simultaneously modulates two independent photoresponse dimensions: magnitude and polarity. This dual‐parameter programmability enables multidimensional encryption, demonstrated in secure data communication and privacy‐preserving encrypted imaging. Furthermore, electrical reconfiguration of convolution kernels via gate voltages facilitates edge‐enhanced image processing, improving contour sharpness and boosting recognition accuracy. This work pioneers a reconfigurable optoelectronic platform that concurrently addresses secure data acquisition and intelligent processing for privacy‐aware machine vision.